Differences in People’s Perception of Reality in the Context of A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams

The inadequacy of humans' ability to discern what is real amid complex situations is a factor that forces people to have different meanings and views on all things existing. Heightened by people's internal and external conflicts, the different perspectives of reality are proven to be an unconquerable source of conflict in the society. The differences in people's perception of reality transcend beyond the definition of a systemic psycho-social problem because such differences include opposing value systems, institutionalized beliefs, social ethical codes and the omnipresent patriarchal ideology in the socieities.Such differences are all seen in gender issues as men have their own vision of reality built with their ethical and moral constructs in which women are of inferior status. One insightful literature that exposes the differences in people's perception of reality as a major source of conflict is the book titled A Streetcar Named Desire written by Tennessee Williams. This book is a reflection of how patriarchy remains dominant in the struggle against people's incapacity to discern what is real. This book reveals the uncertainty of destiny and failure to cope with complex situations.The female characters in the story, Blanche and Stella are passionate women who are controlled by their external and internal conflicts. These conflicts overshadow their strong desire for love and freedom making them vulnerable and susceptible to harsh attacks from the patriarchal society. The external conflicts that overpower the life of Blanche are a valuable factors that give great contradictions to her. Economic background is one external conflict inherent in the character of Blanche. Even though she has noble features embedded in her personality, and a lofty social background, her destiny is doomed from the very beginning.This is because she is ignorant about how complex and cruel life can be amid wealth and luxury. As Belle Reve, the family mansion has been traded in exchang e for the epic fornications of their grandfathers, uncles, and their father, Blanche goes to Stella's refuge to start a new life but is failed to do so (Tennessee 2004). Her shift from high social status becomes her external conflict that weakens her against the male characters, the domineering Stanley and Mitch. She lives under the pressure of a failed status and failed marriage and the social rules in which Stanley is the tyrant.Living with Stella, Blanche fails to see the â€Å"reality† of the world that contrasts with her beautiful and luxurious dreams. Blanche fails to overcome the cruelity of the real world because she has covered her eyes with horror, uneasiness, revenge and frustration. She never find a way to face the truth head on and all the she does is to take a detour and away from the world that she does not expect. The inner conflict existing in Blanche include her sexual involvement with strangers as the embodiment of her irrational indulgence for sex and cari ng for a lonely heart.The satisfactions of her desire has been the main context of her living and she will take no initiatives to suppress it. She makes her own reality by committing to take her passion to life while neglecting ethical standards and moral values. Her untamed tongue is a reflection that she would not take any negation and considerations when it comes to her desire. As for Stella, she fails to see the cruelty of her husband because her eyes are pointed only to one direction and one belief: that her man cannot do such a thing because of love and commitment. Stella's external conflict is her marriage to her husband.She cannot face the harsh truth because she defines her marriage as fidelity and righteousness alone. She is blinded by her love and cannot see the several dimensions surrounding marriage such as lust. Another conflict in Stella's character is her economic role of making her own living (Tennessee 2004). Stella is so consumed with making money and establishing her own life that she forgets to be sensitive to the needs of her significant others. All that she cares for is her marriage and moneymaking. Stella's one vision of reality reflects a peaceful and successful marriage with Stanley whom she loves most and loves her faithfully in return.Her reality is built within the constructs of society's ethical and moral standards. Her whole life is controlled by fantasy to which she creates an unbreakable bond. The male characters in the story Mitch and Stanley represent life's antagonistic feature that human beings tend to negate or consider as unreal. As the antagonists, they are the object of the assumption that conflicts arise when humans fail to recognize cruelty as part of llife's reality. The imperfection of the two characters substantiate the fact that Stella and Blanche are blinded by their illusions, fantasies and fulfillment of their desires.Stanley and Mitch bring the illusion of the female characters into fierce confrontation with t he cruel reality. Mitch and Stanley also represent the dominance of patriarchy in conflicts. They have the edge in the conflict because they fulfill the illusion and dreams of Stella and Blanche while at the same time make up the cruel reality of the female characters' lives. Mitch and Stanley are the unconquerable force that lead to the external and internal conflicts of the female characters. Stella and Blanche tend to establish that men are solely owned by their worlds of dreams instead of considering them as objects of life's reality.The differences in people's perceptions of reality are determined by their external and internal conflicts. These differences create an outwardly conflict that may destroy personal relationships. Such differences arise when people focus on only one aspect or dimension of life instead of creating a holistic picture of life's reality. The external and internal conflicts lead to such differences and bring constant suffering. The male antagonists symbol ize tension and cruelty which are all part of life that tend to crush people emotionally and physically.

Unit 110 Work with Parents to Meet Their Children

Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1 ac1 The relationship between parents and their children is constantly adapting, beginning at birth. At birth is the point when the strongest attachment bonds form and parents strive to meet their baby’s every need. As the child gets older i. e. around two years old the relationship as parents begins to change they start educating their children through discipline etc. When setting boundaries for discipline rules are implemented.The rules provide children with the freedom to express themselves within certain boundaries enabling them to learn and develop effectively. Children of pre-school age through to adolescence are at the stage were parents begin teaching them about life to enable the children to have some understanding of the actions of others people, such as their friends, key worker’s and teachers. Through creating an understanding of boundaries children begin to realise that there will be consequences to their own actions.As children get older and enter adolescence the relationship with their parents continues to change. As children, get older children will become more involved decisions, giving them more responsibility and helping them to become progressively independent, while still supporting and protecting their children too. A relationship is thought to be interdependent when there are strong connections and shared power between two people. Parents’ behaviour, thoughts and emotions rely upon those of their children, their reactions matter to each other.Interdependent also means that parents and children have shared ambitions as well as separate ambitions that will clash with each other. Because of this, parents and their children will feel stronger emotions when they interact, work together a greater amount but also have more frequent arguments than people who do not have a close relationship. The parent-child relationship is important and individual. Par ents and children have past, present and future relationships that keep changing as the parent and the child develop and learn from each other.Outcome 1ac2 There are many factors which affect the relationship between parents and children through all developmental stages ranging from when a child is having tantrums or displaying unacceptable behaviour as this challenges parent’s ability to follow through with discipline and be consistent. As children get older and start to have friend that mum & dad doesn't like as they are a bad influence. Many conflicts from early stages of temper tantrums to bad choice of friends leading on to poor life choices such as drinking, smoking and other unhealthy habits.In most cases children want the best for their children and sometimes the hopes and aspirations they have are imposed on their children and this can lead to the children/ young people conflicting | | | | | | | | Outcome 1ac3 Explain key types of transitions that a child or young pe rson may experience Cross reference with Unit 022 Outcome 5 assessment criteria 1 and 2. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac4 Parent hood is a rollercoaster ride with highs and lows but the highs out weight the lows in my experience.The time you had to play with goes but the time you have with your children is priceless. The initial change will be coping with the late night feeds and lack of sleep making you exhausted. Babies schedule will completely overturn any sleeping pattern you had in the past although this can settle after a few months in some cases this is no consolation when you only have a few hours sleep a night. It is important for mothers to try and rest/sleep while baby is to catch up.It is often difficult for fathers to catch up on sleep and rest as they only have the two weeks paternity and are back to work so endure the disrupted sleeping patterns etc. A common change brought by parent hood often affecting mothers is postnata l depression which can have a huge effect on coping with baby and the complete change in routine and sleep deprivation and can occur during the first year. It is commonly believed that dropping levels of oestrogen and progesterone trigger the depression that many new mothers feel. One part of parent of parent hood which can become frustrating is that everyone becomes an expert.The problem with this is that you feel what you are doing is wrong as opinions often conflict with each other and in most cases many opinions are old wives tales. Thankfully in my experience my mother in-law is a midwife and she was able to tell us what current opinion and research suggest is best but explained all is at own discretion. On the other side negative feelings can arise towards the baby due to complete overwhelming experience and at this point having the ability and awareness that there are people to speak to in order to ease the load and help with this and that its common.The most common change is that occurs even with the most confident of people is a Fear and/or feelings of incompetence. New parents don't automatically know how to care for their babies. They should try not to worry if they feel like they don't know what they're doing. Parenting takes lots of practice. Parents learn as they go and can’t expect to perform perfectly from the beginning. Outcome 1ac5 Explain key factors in the process and function of bonding and attachment See table on appendix1Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac6 There are many key factors i the process of children’s development of a sense of self. Through the initial relationships with parents babies begin to develop a sense of who they are through a sense of ownership i. e. they are mine (Mum and Dad) Another factor in the early stages is the babys routine as it defines them as it is suited to their individual characteristics and parents follow it strictly.As baby develops into a small c hild the begin to make sounds which then become words which gives them a voice which is a big part in defining who they are as they can communicate more effectively Children from 3 to four years old have a greater ability to see themselves as individuals as they have more independance they also have the ability to be descriptive, rather than judgmental saying what they see i. e. that girl has pink hair mummy when standing beside the person in a shopping queue. When children reach school age they have managed to make it through transition’s the main one being starting school.At this age children can now be spoken to and communicate back with understanding so they have the ability to say what they feel and want as do their parents and carers. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 2 ac1 In my setting we support parents in understanding that both parents and children develop and change over time and have distinctive temperaments by organising re cording information in the daily communication books and generally speaking to the parents and carers regarding the child.We always try to reassure parents if there are any concerns and communicate any concerns mentioned by parents to our supervisor/ managers. In my setting the focus is mainly verbal so we chat to parents about their child’s temperament, if they are worried about their behaviour for example, ensuring them that each child is an individual and depending on the situation or what was going on at the time, would determine how their child behaves i. e. a new baby on the way.Outcome 2ac2 We support parents as partners in understanding the role of reciprocal responses and interaction in parenting, by working with them to share their children’s care and development. Any information that we gain and share from parents communications on arrival and departure of children, helps us in the way that we work and provide for children and their families within our setti ng. We often send out monthly updates, informing parents of what their children are doing that month.As I mentioned previously my setting uses verbal communication so any information we share or are told is recorded in a communication book to allow other staff to be aware of any things parents are requesting for their child to ensure parents and care staff are meeting the learning and developmental needs of children. Outcome2 ac3 When new children/ families enter our to setting, a child is often upset at the thought of their parents leaving them with us, which in turn upsets the parents too. We reassure parents that their child will be ok their child by ensuring them that they will be okay.An approach we often use is to encourage parents to make their goodbyes short, because if a child is upset, long goodbyes or a parent reluctant to leave, often makes a child more upset. In my setting we also say to parents that if they need some additional reassurance to wait outside and we can gi ve them a nod through the window when their child is distracted and settled. If a child continues to be upset every time they come into the setting and the parents are reluctant to leave them, then we suggest the parent stays with them until the child is happy to let their parent go as long as this is not for oo long of a period. For example – we have a little boy at our setting and when he 1st started, he would scream and cry, clinging to his mother and getting himself more upset when mum went to leave, which in turn upset mum too so she came back to him then tried to leave again. Mum stayed with him for a few minutes on bringing him into the room, until he was settled and happy, sitting far enough away, so as not to interfere with him playing or making friends, but close enough to reassure him that she was still there. (This reassured mum too, seeing him happy and playing) Now when he arrives he is happy for mum to leave.So in some cases, a gradual separation process works best, especially if a child has never been left with anyone else before. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome2 ac4 Challenging parents assertively is a very sensitive issue and being able to consider when it is appropriate to do so. A major challenge can be discrimination, understanding why discrimination occurs and managing negativity – shouting, inappropriate language – sexualised, swearing, slang, derogative remarks or comments, smoking/drinking onsite, not securing children in vehicles.These are times when it is important for someone to speak up in an appropriate manner usually a room supervisor/ unit head/ deputy or manager would handle these situations in my setting so as a nursery assistant we may only be required to say we need to speak to our superiors a moment. By alerting colleagues and maybe identify training opportunities that offer experience for dealing with conflict, diffusion and calming situations so that you avoid any possibility of feeling you ever need to confront someone who was behaving angrily and risk escalating an incident.When challenging parents we must always be professional and remain calm, be able to identify the reason why the parent is being challenged i. e. stereotypical thoughts being expressed. In my setting as I mentioned my superiors would handle these situations so they would initiate the discussion with the parent/carer as they would have the authority to speak more professionally with parents on issues. On the other side of the coin speaking to the person on the receiving end of the stereotypical comments from the parent/car e to show that the setting is supporting them and that they condone the negative attitude made towards them.Be aware that not all situations require involvement and consideration of the parents/carers situations must be taken into consideration i. e. a parent may be ill and the other parent maybe a care so devoting as much time to their child as they would like may not be possible so it would be wrong to put them in a position where they feel they are be judged. | | | | | | | Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac1 Identify key features of expected patterns of child development Appendix 1 cross referenced from Unit 022Outcome 3 ac2 The age group I have chosen to discuss is children aged 2-5 years as this is my favoured age group. By the time a child is 2 years old they are strong individuals, they know what they do and don’t want to do and are very keen to do things for themselves and be as independent as possible. At this age the children are physically, now walking confidently and are running and climbing too. When children reach 2 years old they become increasingly socially aware of other children and although they do not specifically ‘play together’, children of this age enjoy playing next to other children.Mildred Parten discusses play stages Repetition is strong à ¢â‚¬â€œ schema, children develop favourite games and activities played again and again. Their cognitive development now enables them to complete basic jigsaw puzzles and they enjoy building with bricks. Role play is also mentioned by Parten 2 year olds frequently chat out loud and their vocabulary now consists of around 200 words. By the time children are 2 ? independence is extremely important. They are anxious to do more things for themselves and often get frustrated when they find they can’t, which leads to temper tantrums developing.They often find it hard to understand why they need to wait for things and cannot always have what they want or to do what they want. Their physical skills are also developing well – they are now able to pedal a tricycle or push it along using their feet. Socially, children now start to play alongside – parallel, with other children, often copying what the other children are doing – mimicking or immitating. When children a re 3 years old, tantrums start to decrease, as instead of them showing they are not happy, they can now tell us.Their speech is now easily understood 3 year olds are now beginning to understand the needs of others and are now able to play socially with other children. They are able to cooperate and sharing becomes easier for them. Children also find it easier at this age to separate from their parents, as they understand that their parents will be coming back again. Physically, they can now walk upstairs using alternate feet. E. g. – when walking up the steps of a slide so require less support to carry out basic tasks.Children’s at this age cognitive skills are more developed and they are interested in mark-making, such as, drawing, painting, chalking etc†¦ and also enjoy looking at and having books read to them which is an activity the children in my setting love. By the time children reach the age of 4 years old their speech should be easily understood, even by adults who do not know them and the children enjoy talking and asking questions on important issues to them and general issues. My daughter is 4 and she enjoys spending time with other children and has strong connections with her friends.Independence is also developing well, with most children now able to feed themselves and get themselves dressed i. e. my daughter picks her outfit every morning she also loves art activities painting, colouring and gluing and sticking pictures so her motor skills are very good she is also being taught guitar so her fine motor skills and coordination will develop. In my experience children of this age has a good level of concentration when actively involved in an interesting activity. When children reach the age of 5, their physical development starts to slow down and they acquire more confidence and coordination.Their physical development skills now enable them to kick and control a ball, while their handwriting becomes easier to read and moves away from the stage of basic mark making. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac3The age group I work with range between the ages 16 months to 24. The initial strategy to support parents in meeting the needs of their children is to take onboard the knowledge and information they provide me with in relation to their child as and individual.Through identifying the activities children enjoy in my setting which are facilitating their development such as the use of shape sorters (awareness of shapes, motor skills and concentration). Through recording and communicating how their child has been and what they have been doing in the daily record book parents become aware of the activities that are helping with their children’s development i. e. a child recently in my setting went from getting really frustrated with jigsaw puzzles to sitting and putting them together.I mentioned to his mum before Christmas time that he enjoyed working at the jigsaws b ut got frustrated she agreed he did the same at home and got him some at Christmas. A month or two later he now enjoys jigsaws and works through two or three after each other. So through communicating his frustration with an activity he enjoyed his parent responded and his emotionally, intellectual development have now benefited. In my setting, we also Inviting feedback from parents – ask for their ideas, suggestions to involve them to involve them more to.Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 Explain and demonstrate strategies for meeting the support needs of parents of a specified age group of children. As I mentioned in the previous assessment criteria I work with children aged 16 to 24 months. The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services establishes clear standards for promoting the health and well-being of children and young people and for providing high quality services which meet their needs. Their ideal is that they want to see: Parents or carers who are confident and able to bring up their children in a way that promotes positive health and development and emotional wellbeing. * Consistent information provided for parents or carers, which supports them in their role and is responsive to their needs. * Appropriate help and support provided for parents or carers who find it hard to access services and professionals. In my setting we are very open to parents and they feel comfortable talking to us regarding their children’s care, learning and development.An extract I found online provides a good list of good practice. Markers of Good Practice 1. Multi-agency working to support parenting is outlined in any local strategic and service plans. 2. Information and services to support parenting (by both mothers and fathers and carers) are available and coordinated through local multi-agency partnerships. 3. Support for all parents with pre-school children is available fro m early years settings including nurseries, Sure Start local programmes and Children's Centres. 4.Parents whose children are experiencing difficulties (for example, because of learning disabilities and/or difficulties or challenging behaviour) receive early support and evidence-based interventions; requirements for local provision are identified in strategic planning. 5. Collaborative arrangements are in place between services for adults and those for children and families to ensure effective joint assessment and support/treatment to enhance parent's parenting capacity and protect and promote the well-being and welfare of children. . Adults caring for looked after children have early, accessible, multidisciplinary support. 7. Primary Care Trusts and Local Authorities ensure that local parents are involved in the planning and delivery of services, with representation from all local communities and groups. In my setting we encourage and motivate parents through mentioning how well the ir children are behaving to show them that they are doing alright and coping as some parents may feel they aren’t coping.With the age group I work with we tell parents what their children are doing differently in our setting although we are not allowed to discuss any firsts such as walking or talking as parents may be upset to miss out on these special times. If parents ask for support we always strive to help them as best we can i. e. behaviour issues with a child in my room with biting kept recurring we explained that we asked him to apologise and hug the other child and play somewhere else in the room to remove him form the situation and the person.The parent was happy with this and said they did the same when he bit a cousin and through the consistence between the nursery and at home he finally stopped biting to the delight of his parents as they became embarrassed when his name was in the incident book for the same issue. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children ’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 In our setting we provide assistance with fees and provide discount for multiples of children, we also take child care vouchers to subsidise cost as nursery fees are not always manageable which can be a weight of parents minds.Again in relation to the children in my setting we have had a situation when a parent required support as they were worried their child wasn’t walking by 18 months and wasn’t showing any indications of trying, he then showed a curve on his back which his mother and father were really concerned about. On the parent mentioning this to us we spoke to our Deputy Manager who spoke to the child’s mother and gave the number of a good Chiropractor who could check the child out and give them advice.After an appointment they were reassured the child was just doing things in their own time and they were curling up rather than their back being in that shape which was happy news. In that situation the needs of the parents were met and they were very appreciative. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their children’s needs Outcome 4 ac1 In my setting I frequently discuss children’s progress and development i. e. the child is getting, more, steady walking or they are started to feed themselves more with minimal assistance. A recent example is of a new child in my setting who refuses to feed himself.Both myself and my colleague have tried putting food on the spoon and guiding him them putting food on the spoon and leaving it for him to try resulting in him just looking at us even with us encouraging his independence. In this situation we asked his mum if he fed himself at home and we were able to discover that his parents where trying him with different textures and he mainly uses his hands, we also found out that they give him yoghurts with a spoon and he tries to use it but its a bit messy. Having asked his parents we are now able to continue trying to encourage him with a spoon and this w ill reinforce his learning to use it at home.

Critique of the AHIMA Code of Ethics Essay

One of the most important gifts that God gave us is our life. Without it, we are nothing. And to show our appreciation for this gift, we should take good care of our life by staying healthy. Nowadays, healthcare is very expensive: from medicine to health information management. The professionals that are involve in health information management takes charge of the administration and progress of medical information systems of the patient to guarantee the safety, security and privacy of the information. Much medical information contains several accounts that must be protected for the good of the individual concern and for the immediate family. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) is the premier association in the US which includes Health Information Management (HIM) professional from all parts of the country. These HIM professionals have proficiency in healthcare information technology which includes accreditation from the Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA). The responsibilities of the AHIMA members are not only providing service, protecting medical and social information, and assuring the privacy and confidentiality of these information but also to improve the quality of service in healthcare. To maintain the best service for the benefit of the patient, AHIMA provide its own code of ethics. This code of ethics will provide each HIM professional of the proper conduct each and every one of them should possess. AHIMA believes that this code of ethics is important for it will make this HIM practitioners the professional they should be. Professional in terms of having the values a good HIM professional should be. This code is necessary for it provides the guidelines for the conduct that should be shown towards a conflict or situation. It is the sole obligation of the HIM professionals to show actions that will mirror values and ethical principles. This Code of Ethics has 6 principles. Among those principles â€Å"is to determine the proper values that this task is based† and â€Å"gives HIM professional the option to weigh the circumstances under which they are involved† (AHIMA Code of Ethics). These principles will help them think of having the right decision that is needed. However, this code does not provide any specific event or situation wherein HIM professionals will have to follow. They are still the one who will decide of the decision they will make. The code implementation lies to the one who reviews the task done by a HIM professional. If a HIM professional is being regarded as a violator of the code, it does not mean that he/she will have a legal responsibility. This still undergoes in a peer review process that will make it fair for both of the professional and the other party that regarded him/her of the violation. The AHIMA Code of Ethics does not have the solution to all the problems that will arise nor will assure the ethical and principal behavior. Rather, it will set onward values that show the ethical meaning of the profession. On the other hand, the professional responsibilities do many heroic or sacrificial things to each professional. They act beyond the limits to make sure that they do their whole responsibility. Sometimes, individuals act through values of loyalty and service to others. They make themselves proud of the profession they have because of what they done to other’s lives. And this is to provide the people the need of protection of their medical and social information. I know that this code of ethics will give me the chance to become one of the finest and trusted HIM professional in the future. This will help my character grow for better by providing the idea of having the right decision in certain disputes and problems. So, how this code of ethics would make me realize that this is for real? That this will help me once I became a HIM professional? It is up to us, future HIM professional, to be guided of these principles. And it is up to us to give our own heart and passion for service and protection of people’s lives. References American Health Information Management Association. (2006). American Health Information Management Association Code of Ethics. Retrieved November 10,2007, from http://library. ahima. org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_024277. hcsp? dDocName=bok1_024277 College of Health Professions, Temple University. (2007). Health Information Management. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. temple. edu/chp/departments/him/ National Association of Social Workers. (2001). Code of Ethics. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. naswdc. org/pubs/code/default. asp

Outline the psychometric approach to recruitment and selection. In Essay

Outline the psychometric approach to recruitment and selection. In what ways has this been challenged - Essay Example This paper gives an overview and description of the recruitment and selection process along with a description of the psychometric approach, its benefits and challenges. Main Body Recruitment and Selection Hiring a competent workforce has become quintessential in the midst of uncertainty in external environment, particularly changing customer expectations. Because of this, psychosocial considerations, which includes differences regarding the abilities, motivations, personality and emotions of individuals, are being taken into account while finding the correct fit for the organisation. Torrington, Hall & Taylor (2007) define recruitment as being either internal ( that is hiring of people from within the organisation ) or external (which involves advertising, approaching recruitment agencies, developing corporate websites that accept applications, using newspapers and trade press and various other methods). Furthermore, Newell defines recruitment as being a process that attracts people who possess the attributes that are necessary to perform the job (Newell 2005). Generally, promotion, retirement, transfer, redundancy and technological or customer changes drive the recruitment process (Watson 1994). While recruitment generates the pool of capable applicants that may apply to the organisation, selection involves determining the â€Å"right piece that fits correctly in the jigsaw puzzle†. Herriot (1984) defines the selection process as a social exchange whereby mutual exchange of information takes place between the company and its candidates. Organisations are, therefore, required to shape their expectations depending on the candidate’s personal experience rather than the other way round (Herriot 1984). Selection methods have further been defined as consisting of application forms, interviews as well as tests of which psychometric tests are a part. Traditionally, the recruitment process would be a three-step process involving the development of job de scription, job analysis and finally job specification (Torrington, Hall & Taylor, 2007). The last stage would require determining the human attributes that are necessary to perform the job (Marchington & Wilkinson 2000). Frameworks such as the Seven-Point Plan developed by Roger and the fivefold system of grading laid down by Munro-Fraser comprised of assessing the individual’s impact on others along with his/her qualifications, abilities, motivation and emotional strength (Taylor 2000). Both these models increasingly relied on human judgment which could be highly subjective and prone to bias. This led to the development of a competency-based approach to recruitment whereby the focus shifted on individual qualities to competencies required on the job (Newell 2005) (Redman & Wilkinson 2009). Furthermore, it was realised that traditional approaches assumed fixed personalities which was a self-defeating assumption as far as the candidate’s fit with the organisation was co ncerned. This led to the shift towards the psychometric approach whereby individual differences were recognised. The term psychometrics is merely an abbreviated version of â€Å"psychological measurement†. In other words, it attempts to measure psychological traits of individuals such as their intelligence, attitudes, personality and attributes. According to a research conducted by CIPD, approximately 45% of

Relationship that Exist between Workers and their Bosses Essay

Relationship that Exist between Workers and their Bosses - Essay Example Lawson (2003) defines management control as a process during which the business management practitioners follow a systematic procedure to compare the performance against the set objectives to ensure that they do conform to the standards set by the organization. They are meant to ensure that the employers work in the most efficient manner, that the corporate resources are used in the most effective way, and that organizational objectives are achieved. The management is meant to set standards, measure actual performance, and solve problems (taking corrective actions). Therefore, the management control has the following stages: Planning – setting of the organizational objectives that are well understood and agreed upon, measurable in time, achievable, consistent, and require available resources Programming – setting up of strategies of achieving the set objectives, taking into accounts the restraints of the organization. Result checking – checking whether the set ob jectives of the organization have been achieved. ... Labor is the process by which nature and man participate in achieving a certain function. The man starts, regulates, and controls the actions that take place between the function and nature. Labor is taken to be human by supposition. At the end of every labor process, the result that is found corresponds to what already existed in imagination before the work started (Albert & Hahnel, n.d). Man’s activities during which the resources are used are, therefore, essential in the labor process. The process is accepted depending on the product manufactured at the end of the process. Art, for example, is the product of all the artistic work done by the artist, from the initial stages to the realization of the final product. Though products are a use value of the labor process, other products of the previous labor enter into the use value in the form of production. When taken from the perspective of process, a product is a subject of labor and also a means of production, qualifying lab or to be considered as productive. Young (1974) argues that unlike the extraction industries where the labor material is provided instantly by nature, industries have to convert raw materials through labor. Every product is realized after a series of processes takes place during transformation. All this transformation requires a supervisor, who has to offer services in the form of labor, so that a final product that conforms to the objectives is produced or realized. Raw materials being the primary subjects of a final product, they should be used by instruments of labor; these materials have to be used so that the end product can be realized. An example is petroleum that has to be used by an engine so that work and movement can be achieved in a vehicle; the raw products at the end cannot

Photography statement or Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Photography statement or Proposal - Essay Example They have to work even late in the night in order to earn some money for their family. I also selected these photos because they depict contrast. Another common element between all these photos is that they somehow include food. Most pictures are of poor Chinese people selling fruit, juices of fresh fruit, or other eatables in the night. The contrast here is that most of these people selling these eatables would have children back home that might be hungry, and yet they are busy selling food to the strangers. Many of these people might not have eaten to their full, but have no choice but to serve food to others. This can particularly be sensed in one of the pictures in which the two boys standing behind the food stall, are looking at their customers that are two girls holding juices in their hands are sipping them from the straws. The look on the boys’ faces shows their thirst for the juice. They cannot eat food just because it is there in front of them because if they do, they would be left with nothing to sell. These are harsh realities of the society of Chin a. Another common element of these pictures is that the people, despite being poor and old, look healthy. Particular examples of this include the old woman selling fruit and the old man selling pomegranate juice. Chinese people eat healthy and take good care of themselves. That is why they have shiny skins and healthy looks despite poverty. These pictures also depict that the people of China are very courageous, brave, and hard working. They do not give up even in the old age. As can be seen in the pictures, although the fruit-and food-sellers are old people, yet they do not look tired or afraid from their faces. Instead, they look very content and satisfied from the expressions on their face. This shows that the people of China never give up even in extreme circumstances. China has a considerable number of poor people who can hardly afford three meals a day. Many of these

Topic Selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic Selection - Assignment Example The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the dangers of identity theft and how to prevent identity theft. The purpose of this topic is to illustrate the dangers of identity theft and how to prevent it. It will provide guidelines through which one can prevent identity theft and other crimes that are usually accompanied / associated with identity theft. It may be difficult to prevent this crime completely, but there are ways to contribute to its reduction. Identity theft can go for several days or even months unnoticed. This is due to the advancing of technology and skills. Victims of identity theft can be greatly affected financially, emotionally and sometimes physically. This is because once one is able to impersonate his victim, they can do whatever they want to them. Cases of identity theft need to be dealt with to prevent this stress. Thieves have discovered a way of accessing their victim’s emails and details which enable them to monitor their daily routine. In 2010, an article â€Å"Cyber Crime Made Easy" illustrated and brought out clearly how hackers used malicious software to access their victims details. There are several types of identity fraud; the most common type of them is credit card fraud. This is a short term fraud as the thief will be recognized faster by the credit card issuing company even before the owner knows about it (Keene, 2009). The internet contains a wealth of information. This is because of its versatility as it is used as a tool in performing social and economic activities. It is for this reason that the internet has been found to play a major role as a root for identity theft as hackers use it to acquire their victims’ personal information. In the past years, the rate of online shopping has been increasing. This has made it even easier for hackers to obtain peoples personal information such as; financial records, social security numbers, credit card numbers and

Why the federal government should continue to fund NASA Essay

Why the federal government should continue to fund NASA - Essay Example The NASA is a scheme that encourages the growth of technology hence enhancing the creation of employment. Besides, NASA purchases heavy machinery from American and foreign manufacturers. Moreover, NASA motivates innovation in the economy (Haerens, 2012). Apart from the creation of employment, NASA prompts the growth of the private sector. After working with the technologies and materials invented by the association, many companies are registering success. For instance, the Tempur-Pedic mattresses obtained their production idea from the experiments of NASA scientists who were trying to create comfortable seats for the pilots. The company is currently a success in the private industry. Despite the arguments that the economy is under strain, such programs as NASA are advances that make the lives of human beings comfortable. With the assistance of NASA, many manmade satellites exist around the earth. The devices that many people use today, like the GPS systems, satellite televisions, cell phones, weather satellites, all require the man made satellites in order to perform (Showstack, 2015). These satellites require continuous servicing and upgrades, as more advanced systems come up to cope with the increased demand for technology in the current economic and social world. Consequently, reduced expenditure will hurt the efforts of this association in creating advanced systems, and hinder the tapping of important professionals in space science. As indirect as the contribution of NASA may seem, it also provides defense for the whole planet from threats that are extraterrestrial in natures. Such threats as asteroids can be devastating to human life, as previous scientists claim it destroyed dinosaurs leading to their extinction millions of years ago (Dance, 2012). Similar experiences have been in several parts of the world including in Siberia, where the asteroid demolished an entire city. Nevertheless, the detection satellites

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY Essay

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY - Essay Example Many writers have discussed about the threat and terror of war and many writings have been published with war as the main theme. Men have been fighting each other since they began to live in communities. The terror of war still continues: Kuwait, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iraq, Somalia and many other examples could be cited out from different parts of the world. Though wars are fought between nations, they are carried out between the military forces that fight like faceless entities. The continuous fighting and the military life had tremendous effects on the soldiers, causing radical changes in them. Many have been commented about stoicism. The words of the famous British historian and philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) provides a clear picture of stoicism when he says: â€Å"sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in disgrace and happy.† (Russell). It is generally viewed that stoics exhibit happiness and sadness together and it speaks of one’s uninteresting mentality. The camouflaged emotions always haunt them and they are really suffocated under the forcible working conditions. They are tended to be hard and rough, influenced by these circumstances. Many factors play significant roles in leading soldiers to stoicism. But it is not possible for one to reach in the assertion that it is the stoicism that turns the soldiers to be rough and coarse. Stoicism sometimes turns out to be favorable with the soldiers when it is regarded with their ability of endurance and loyalty in matters connected with their nation’s freedom. Generally, soldiers are denied the right to make decisions regarding matters in connection with country; instead, those decisions are vested in civil officials like the president or congress, who are to an extent failure in handling the matters. Military has always been formed with a fixed frame

Journal 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal 5 - Essay Example 2. My reaction about the distance activity was good in some distance. I mean this for personal distance and intimate distance because my partner was close to me and I could hear him. However, in other distances, public distance and social distance, I couldnt hear him very well because other students were talking too loud.  My comfortable distance was intimate distance and uncomfortable distance was public distance. 3. I learned a lot about myself and also about my team in the life highlights. For my life, the main event was when I graduated from my university. My team life highlights were different one of my team member’s life highlight was when he was in Miami. The other group member had her life highlight working with kids in a school. For the Johari window, I learned that it consists of four parts: open free area, blind area, hidden area, and unknown area.  For the team I learned some interesting things about them that I did not know before. Likewise, my teammates also got to learn about me some more. 4. For the group work together on the case study, we broke it down into smaller individual pieces so it was more manageable for each of us. Because the three of us each had to work on our own part, we had to communicate some extra with each other to see if everything was still on schedule. For the training presentation, we came up with some ideas like the lock of cooperation and communication among teams and how these problems can be fixed. This would be really helpful to everyone else because these types of issues arise in every group at some stage. 5. Team building exercises can be great to do both for morale and gaining trust among each group member. Also, promoting diversity leads to a better working experience because each member can contribute from a vastly different point of view. For my future career, I will be able to take this